![]() ![]() Copper sulphate, magnesium sulphate and sodium monohydrogen phosphate inactivate and precipitate the toxic material as insoluble salts by chelation.Īntidotes are used in treatment of poisoning as well as in case of over dose of drugs.įollowing are the examples of antidotes which are used for treating poisoning: ![]() For example, activated charcoal absorbs the poison prior to absorption across intestinal wall. For example, sodium nitrite converts hemoglobin into methemoglobin in order to bind cyanide.ģ) Mechanical Antidotes: Mechanical antidotes which prevent the absorption of poison into the body. For example, sodium thiosulphate which changes toxic cyanide to the non-toxic thiocyanate sodium calcium edetate chelates agents used for heavy metal poison.Ģ) Physiological Antidotes: Physiological antidotes acs by producing the effect opposite to that of poison. The mechanisms of action of antidotes are given below:ģ) Prevention of toxic metabolite formation.Ĥ)ěy changing the physio-chemical nature of toxicant.ĥ) Promotes return to normal function by repairing a defect or enhancing a function that corrects the effects of poison.ĭepending on their action, antidotes are classified as:ġ) Chemical Antidotes: Chemical antidotes are the agents which change the chemical nature of poison. Such use does not preclude relevant supportive and symptomatic treatment.Īntidotes act by different mechanism. There are some specific antidotes and their use in appropriate circumstances can be life-saving. Techniques used to promote the elimination of poisons from the body such as forced diuresis, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion are employed for a limited number of poisons. The active removal of poisons from the stomach by gastric lavage or emesis induction is done by the administration of substances like activated charcoal by mouth to reduce the absorption. In the treatment of acute poisoning most patients require only supportive and symptomatic therapy. An antidote is an agent which counteracts a poison. The most serious exposures involve prenatal vitamins and pure iron preparations that contain ferrous sulfate tablets, which typically have significantly more elemental iron per tablet (60 to 65 mg) than other iron preparations. ![]()
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